Managing hedgerows to optimise ecosystem services in agroforestry systems Emily D. Spunaugle

Managing hedgerows to optimise ecosystem services in agroforestry systems Emily D. SpunaugleHedgerows are composed of trees and or shrubs and serve as natural fences, often between pastures and arable fields. This chapter discusses the importance of hedgerow management and maintenance to enhance multiple ecosystem services such as biomass production, wind and water protection, habitat provision and landscape aesthetics. It develops a categorisation of existing hedgerows, applicable to linear woody features such as hedgerows, windbreaks and

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